Finally, antileukemic chemotherapy has been shown to reduce Cx43 expression in normal hematopoietic cells as bone marrow levels are reduced following intensive chemotherapy compared with both AML marrow and marrow from healthy controls; however, it remains unknown as to whether chemotherapy has a similar effect on Cx43 expression in primary AML cells and whether this is a determining factor for the antileukemic effectiveness of the treatment (17). The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.