Because in the clinic novel anti-cancer therapeutics are usually combined with conventional cytotoxic treatment, and AXL is implicated in chemotherapy resistance as well as in potentiating the effects of chemotherapy in other tumor types, we tested in vitro whether BGB324 synergizes with three commonly used chemotherapeutics in ES, all from different classes of chemotherapy: doxorubicin (anti-tumor antibiotic), vincristine (mitotic inhibitor) and cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent) [10, 25]. Here, AXL is linked to cancer.