The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/retinoid X receptor (PPAR-RXR) pathway is involved in both the regulation of the lipid and glucose metabolism and in cytokine release.20 The lower expression of PPAR-γ and RXR-α has been associated with the faster progression of carotic atherosclerosis.21 Similarly, PPAR-α also has anti-atherogenic properties22. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and atherosclerosis.