BRAF and melanoma: Our case supports a recent publication showing a differential influence of targeted melanoma therapies on lymphocyte numbers.4 Inhibitors of the BRAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade need also to be further assessed for immunomodulatory effects, in particular, when applied in planned combination therapies with other agents such as inhibitors of negative immune checkpoints (eg, anti-CTLA4 or anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies).