Long-term hyperglycemia exerts the deleterious effects through overproduction of ROS that outweighs their degradation by antioxidant defense systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and thioredoxin (Trx) [10, 11]. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is Hyperglycemia.