Their first probe, an anti-ICAM-1 functionalized Gd liposome (similar to the probe used by Sipkins et al. [30]) with a size of approximately 200 nm worked in vitro when tested in brain endothelial cells stimulated with TNF, but lacked sensitivity to detect ICAM-1 upregulation in a murine stroke model. The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is stroke disorder.