This is almost as efficient as chemical disinfectants (defined as reducing bacterial survival by ≥106-fold; [59]) and far more effective than many other barriers, e.g. the IFNγ or inflammasome mediated restriction of systemic spread (≈10-fold restriction by day 2 p.i.; [60], [61]) or the gut luminal growth defect inflicted by adaptive sIgA response directed against the LPS O-sidechain (≈10-fold; [53], [62]) limiting S. Tm loads at different stages of an infection. Here, IFNG is linked to infection.