In addition to theUPR-stimulated TNF-α induction, which in T17M RHOretinas is accompanied by activation of JNK signaling,23 UPR-induced retinal degeneration might also beprovoked by induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β.Therefore, for the first time, our data link UPR activation with inflammationand retinal degeneration seen in the diseased retinas. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is retinal degeneration.