Levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL5 were evaluated in the supernatants from macrophage cultures of HTLV-1 infected subjects (HC and HAM/TSP patients) and HC after 48 hours of incubation, with or without LPS, as shown in Fig. 5. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and tropical spastic paraparesis.