Besides translational inhibition, PKR can also activate a wide range of factors including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), p53, JNK, p38 and NF-κB [13,15,16] that play central modulatory roles in gene expression, cell growth, tumor suppression, and apoptosis [17,18,19]. Here, IRF1 is linked to neoplasm.