ICOS and neoplasm: Similar trends were observed in the spleen, with addition of anti-CD40 treatment leading to significantly decreased percentages of CD4 and CD8 T cells and increased ICOS expression in both subsets compared to debulk only (Figure 5).In the tumor, we observed an overall trend towards lower percentages of CD4 T cells and higher activation status in all treatment groups compared to untreated, with the only significant decrease observed in the debulk + IMQ + anti-CD40 group (CD4 T cells, p < 0.05; Figure 7).