PTGS2 and neoplasm: Liposomal curcumin downregulated the NF-κB pathway by consistently suppressing NF-κB binding to DNA, by decreasing the expression of NF-κB-regulated genes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin (IL)-8, both implicated in tumor growth and invasiveness, and subsequently induced apoptosis.