TNF and Dengue hemorrhagic fever: In several human diseases, the most commonly identified genetic polymorphisms are located at position −238 and −308 of the promoter region of TNFA, suggesting an effect on the binding of transcription factors [27], with susceptibility for the development of several viral diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [28], dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) [29], and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection [30].