To assess the potential role of Xuebijing in paraquat-induced ALI, we determined the levels of p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB65, IkB, p-IκB-α, HIF-1α, Nrf2 and TGF-β1 proteins in lung tissue of paraquat-induced ALI rats using western blotting at 24 h after paraquat challenge (Figure 3). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.