Remarkable improvement in motor activity was reproduced by infection of AAV1-HMGB1-GFP (Supplementary Fig S8C) when we similarly injected AAV-HMGB1-GFP at 5 weeks of age and tested the motor function of Atxn1-KI mice from 9 to 12 weeks of age. This evidence concerns the gene ATXN1 and infection.