TP53 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: It was previously documented that piperine [24] (or benzamide riboside [25]) triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in A549 (or H520) NSCLC cells via a p53-dependent signaling pathway, and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells by inhibiting the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway [26].