In this respect, in a completely different setting such as atherosclerosis, while some authors showed increased levels of TRAIL-positive leukocytes in atherosclerotic plaques and proposed a role of TRAIL-expressing leukocytes in mediating apoptosis of vascular smooth cells and plaque destabilization [37], we and other authors have demonstrated a protective role of exogenous TRAIL for the development of atherosclerotic lesions [38]–[40]. The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is atherosclerosis.