A similar situation of macrophage polarization is observed at different stages along the progression of sepsis, in which NF-κB activation in M1 macrophages drives the initial overt inflammatory phase, while during the late phase of endotoxin tolerance, macrophages are polarized to an anti-inflammatory, tumor growth-promoting (M2) phenotype, and display an impaired NF-κB activation (107). Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.