Using molecular selection, clinical trials of targeted therapy have demonstrated major improvements in response, quality of life, and progression-free survival compared to chemotherapy, using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKI in EGFR mutant NSCLC and crizotinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged NSCLC (2, 3). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.