The slightly higher PSA nadir seen post-conventional fractionation radiotherapy suggests that at least some cells survive in the high-dose region long-term, though this still does not establish de facto prostate cancer disease control superiority to the PSA-ablative methods, as the trace higher PSA levels seen post-conventional radiotherapy could be reflective of small amounts of surviving normal prostate glands as opposed to surviving cancerous glands. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate cancer.