EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Afatinib demonstrated superiority versus standard chemotherapy in two phase III studies and based on the results of the LUX LUNG 3 trial, Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the drug for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC whose tumors harbored EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test, specifically the therascreen EGFR RGQ PCR Kit (QIAGEN).