It is now widely accepted that alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) plays a central role in cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia (for review see Conejero-Goldberg et al. 2008; Pohanka 2012). Here, CHRNA7 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.