Additionally, the ratio of phosphorylated NF-κB to total NF-κB was significantly increased 24 h after the onset of ischemia when compared to the control group (Fig. 4C and D), while the ratio of phosphorylated c-Jun to total c-Jun was significantly increased 12 h after the onset of ischemia compared to the control group (Fig. 4E and F). The gene discussed is JUN; the disease is ischemia.