For example, leucine supplementation prevents obesity in rodents (Zhang et al., 2007; Vianna et al., 2012) and is associated with lower adiposity in humans (Qin et al., 2011), while isoleucine was shown to decrease tissue triglyceride accumulation and adiposity and increase expression of PPARα and uncoupling proteins in mice (Nishimura et al., 2010). Here, PPARA is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.