HMGB1 and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: The present study investigates the expression of RAGE and HMGB1 in epithelial cells of sinonasal mucosa (SM) obtained from the patients with recalcitrant CRSwNP vs. normal controls (NC) and discusses the role of RAGE and HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant rhinosinusitis and disease severity.