Notwithstanding this evidence, and the fact that RAGE and HMGB1 have been proposed as a novel therapeutic target for infectious and inflammatory disorders (Andersson and Erlandsson-Harris 2004; Andersson and Tracey 2004a, 2011; Mantell et al. 2006; Schierbeck et al. 2011), no data have been published concerning the expression and function of RAGE and HMGB1 in recalcitrant nasal polyposis. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Nasal polyposis.