The regulation of the five apoptosis-related genes (GDAP, PHB2, HSP60, CRT and RCX1) observed in this study is in congruent with their potential roles in response to virus infection, for example, up-regulation of the pro-apoptosis GDAP (Fig. 4H), while down-regulation of the other three anti-apoptosis genes (Fig. 4I, J and K), which in turn supported our hypothesized model below. This evidence concerns the gene CALR and viral infectious disease.