Some of predicted targets such as PAPPA, SP1 (PSG2, PSG3, PSG5, PSG6, PSG9, PSG11), LHCGR, FLT1, ANGPT1 have been shown to be potential non-invasive early biomarkers for pregnancy-related complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, miscarriage, preterm delivery, stillbirth and aneuploid foetuses (S1, S2, S4 Tables). This evidence concerns the gene PAPPA and preeclampsia.