The expression of coagulant factors from patients with benign, borderline and malignant phenotypes were determined and human tumor tissue samples were stained using antibodies against platelet glycoprotein IIb (CD41), a marker for platelets, and other biomarkers associated with angiogenesis, including platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), lisyl oxidase (LOX), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1). The gene discussed is PECAM1; the disease is breast cancer.