HLA-A and cancer: Recently, an autologous cellular vaccine was shown to confer a modest survival benefit in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.32 HLA-A*0201-positive patients with metastastic renal cell cancer treated with the multipeptide vaccine IMA901 appeared to derive a higher benefit if an effective immune response was raised.33 Such studies sustain the hopes that the principle of activating an antigen-specific autologous immune response will eventually provide clinically meaningful improvements for a larger group of cancer patients.