Importantly, BV6 significantly increased the secretion of IL-8, IL-6, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from tumor cells into the supernatant (Figure 4a), whereas IL-10 and VEGF remained largely unchanged (data not shown). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.