SOCS1 and infectious disease: Therefore, although a direct antiviral function of type I IFN and IFN-lambda has been demonstrated in other infectious disease models [7], [18], [37], we propose that SOCS1 inhibition of antiviral activities of these IFNs in stromal and innate immune cells is not essential for enhanced viral clearance in SOCS1−/− IFN-γ−/− mice.