Decreased levels of vinculin and β-catenin on the cell membrane were observed in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and immunohistochemistry showed low expression of vinculin in 145 of 228 CRC tissues (63.6%), as opposed to 59 of 228 adjacent non-cancerous tissues (25.9%) (Figure 4A, B, Additional file1: Table S1). The gene discussed is VCL; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.