Since p53-dependent apoptosis plays a role in neuronal damage of neurodegenerative diseases [23–27], and can be induced by inflammatory cytokines [17–22], we investigated if a SNP of TP53 gene, known to alter the apoptotic efficiency of p53 [30] could affect the neurotoxic effect of IL-1β in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and neurodegenerative disease.