Further models of this group confirmed this; in a model assessing prediction of myocardial infarction that included the plasma betaine dichotomous variables, age, eGFR and NT-proBNP only low plasma betaine (p = 0.001) and NT-proBNP (p<0.001) appeared as significant risk markers, with a hazard ratio for low plasma betaine of 2.5 (1.4–4.4). The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is myocardial infarction.