MAPK3 and cancer: Autophagy process is known to be regulated by MAP kinase signaling pathway, including ERK1/2 and p38 [37], [45], and recent studies also proved that autophagy in some types of cancer cells was triggered through ERK1/2 activation by natural compounds, including dendropanoxide [30], aristolochic acid I [44], and daunorubicin [48].