MTOR and lung carcinoma: In addition, 6-shogaol caused cell death through autophagy induction by the inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway in human NSCLC A549 cells [18] and paclitaxel and feroniellin A exerted their cytotoxic effects by inducing both autophagy and apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells [19], [20].