RELA and neoplasm: Furthermore, and most importantly, when we measured GSK3 protein activity in situ through examination of the phosphorylation of three distinct proteins on well established GSK3 phosphorylation sites (glycogen synthase (S641/645), CRMP (T514) and NFκB p65-RelA (S468); Figs 3–5), it was increased in the tumours compared to patient matched control tissue.