ADSL and bacterial urinary tract infection: Furthermore, the ability of AMPs function indirectly as signaling molecules to stimulate chemokine production, modulate dendritic and/or T cell function, promote chemotactic activity and regulate Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) pathways indicates alternative mechanisms by which altered urinary AMP levels may be increasing the risk for PostI-UTI, and is currently being investigated [46]–[48].