MTOR and neoplasm: On the other hand, CK receptor activation of Gβγ subunits results in the activation of PI3K leading, through the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 and 2 (PDK1-2), to Akt phosphorylation and subsequent activation of its downstream signal proteins such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and FAK, which control migration in different types of normal and tumor cells [28].