Some older studies have detected a variety of homeobox genes in mammalian pancreas cell lines, including Cdx4, Hox1.4 (HoxA4), Chox7 (Gbx1), Hox2.6 (HoxB4), Cdx3 (Cdx2), Cdx1, Hox4.3 (HoxD8), Hox1.11 (HoxA2), Hox4a (HoxD3), Hox1.3 (HoxA5) in the somatostatin-producing rat insulinoma cell line RIN1027-B2[53] and Isl1, Lmx2, Alx3, HoxA4, HoxA13, Ipf1 (Pdx1), Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, En2 and Vdx in a hamster insulinoma cell line[95]. This evidence concerns the gene CDX4 and pancreatic insulinoma.