NAFLD group: consumed more fructose (p < 0.05); higher plasma levels of endotoxin (p < 0.05), PAI-1(p < 0.05), hepatic TLR4 (p < 0.05) and PAI-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). PAI-1 concentrations correlated with endotoxin levels (r = 0.83; p < 0.005) and with hepatic TLR4 mRNA expression (r = 0.54; p < 0.05). Hepatic mRNA expression of PAI-1 correlated with dietary intakes of carbohydrates (r = 0.67; p < 0.01), fructose (r = 0.58; p < 0.01), glucose (r = 0.58; p < 0.01) and sucrose (r = 0.70; p < 0.01). The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.