When disease status was further included in this analysis, only DJ-1 in males with PD (n = 14) was 1.7-fold higher (PD: 0.15 ± 0.022 versus non-PD: 0.087 ± 0.016; P = 0.0493, Figure 4(a)) than that in non-PD males (n = 10). This evidence concerns the gene PARK7 and Parkinson disease.