An assay that detects a combination of HE4, CA-125, carcino-embryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression in serum has demonstrated significantly better sensitivity for early stage OVC detection compared to benign tumors [11,12]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and benign neoplasm.