In the lytic phase, most viral genes are expressed and new cells are infected by the virus.17 Stimulation of TLR-7 and -8 by ssRNA can activate NFSt (neurofibrillary tangles) and IRF-7 (interferon receptor factor 7) to ‘switch' from latency to the lytic phase.23 Tissue damage from sepsis or surgical trauma may release host-derived ssRNA, including viral or cellular miRNAs, to activate this ‘switch'. Here, TLR7 is linked to Sepsis.