Here both NFC and IPF-derived HLMFs expressed αSMA protein, but this was significantly increased in IPF derived cells when assessed by immunofluorescent staining (P = 0.0111, Figure 1A and B), western blot analysis (P = 0.0026, Figure 1C and D) and flow cytometry, P = 0.0159 (Figures 1E and F). The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.