Recently, mutations in components of the NF-κB signaling system have been identified in multiple hematopoietic malignancies and are thought to result in cell-antonomous activation of NF-κB; however, extensive research has failed to identify NF-κB-activating mutations in most solid tumor types including HCC [17, 19–21]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.