These studies also showed that 1p12 (rs2474937 near TBX15; P = 8.44 × 10−10) and 4q31.1 (rs1531070 in MAML3; P = 4.99 × 10−12) were associated with congenital heart malformations in Han Chinese populations72. This evidence concerns the gene TBX15 and congenital heart malformation.