VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: BCAA supplementation has also been demonstrated to reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis[41], decrease proliferation[42] and endothelial cell tubule formation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, decrease neovascularisation in the liver[43], and reduce angiogenic markers such as VEGF and Tie-2[43, 44].