CXCL12 and cholangiocarcinoma: In cholangiocarcinoma, Ohira et al. [28] demonstrated that CXCR4 was mainly expressed in IHCC cells and CXCL12 in stromal fibroblasts, and the interaction of CXCL12 released from fibroblasts and CXCR4 expressed on IHCC cells may be actively involved in IHCC migration, suggesting CXCR4 could be a therapeutic target to prevent IHCC invasion.