This lack of effect was seen despite the fact that nine of 12 patients from this aPL+/APS− group had a range of other serum autoantibodies, such as anti-dsDNA and anti-Ro.11 These differences between monoclonal and polyclonal IgG may partly explain why, in contrast to previous papers, we did not demonstrate effects of APS-IgG on secretion of the cytokines IL-8 or IL-6 in HTR-8 cells. Here, CALR is linked to autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.