TSC2 and cancer: Among the genes in these regions, known cancer genes based on the Sanger Census cancer gene list (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cancergenome/projects/census/) included losses of FGFR3, RECQL4, NOTCH1, PTEN, TSC2, and/or ASPSCR1 and gains of ETV1 and/or MAF. In addition, copy gain involving Androgen receptor (AR) were observed in five of 15 HCCs analyzed.