CTNNA1 and neoplasm: Gene enrichment analysis detected genes in bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling pathway including genes FST, ZFYVE16, RGMB, SMAD5, EGR1, and NKX2-5 on chromosome 5q and in gamma-catenin binding including FER, APC, and CTNNA1 on chromosome 5q (Table 6), suggesting that copy number gain and increased expression of BMP signaling may contribute to tumor progression and invasion.